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MLA requires that your Works Cited page be double-spaced and that entries be listed alphabetically. The first line is on the left margin, with additional lines indented (hanging indent). The following examples are single spaced and unindented to save space. Unless otherwise noted, list the last name of the author first and then the first name. Dates are listed in a Day, Month, Year form with all months except May, June, and July abbreviated. MLA recommends using underlining for titles, not italics. It is always a Works Cited no matter the number of entries. See notes at the end of this document for other specifics.For more information or specifics please consult the references listed below or ask at the library. Click here for an example of a Works Cited page.
Text Sources
Book: One author (5.6.1)
Take the title from the title page, not the cover. If more than one city is listed, use the first.
Author. Title of the Book. City of Publication: Publisher, Year. |
| Coleman, Daniel. Emotional Intelligence. New York: Bantam, 1995. |
Book: Two authors (5.6.4)
If there are more than three authors, name only the first and add et al. (and others) or you may list all names in full as they are listed on the title page.
Authors (Last Name, First Name), and First Name Last Name. Title of the Book. City of Publication: Publisher, Year. |
| Yolen, Jane, and Bruce Colville. Armageddon Summer. San Diego: Harcourt, Inc., 1998. |
Book: No Author or No Author but an Editor or Editors (5.6.1)
Include the name of the book's editor if there is one.
Editor name, ed. Title of the Book. City of Publication: Publisher, Year. |
| Big Book of Magic. London: Hogwarts Publishing, 2005.
Fitzgerald, Terence, ed. Police in Society. New York: H.W. Wilson, 2006. |
Article from a Scholarly Journal (5.7.1-.4)
Unlike newspaper and magazines, scholarly journals may appear only one to four times a year and contain articles of original research. These are intended for professionals and students. Omit introductory articles in the title. Scholarly journals usually contain continuous pagination for a year and therefore you list the volume after the title.
Author (if given, last name first). “Article Title.” Journal Title Volume # [and issue # if each issue is paged separately] (Issue Date): Page(s). |
| Hanks, Patricia. “Understanding Camus.” Modern Theatre 5.2 (Spring 2005): 79-110. |
Article from a Magazine (5.7.6)
If no author is given, begin with the title of the article. Do not put a period after the name of the periodical. If the article is not on consecutive pages, write the first page number followed by a plus sign: 36+. Do not list the volume and issue number even if listed.
Author (if given, last name first). “Article Title.” Magazine Title Issue Date: Page(s). |
| Dell, Kristina. “Welcome to Wi-Fi-Ville: Pop. 300 Towns and Growing.” Time 15 Jan. 2007: 52. |
Citing a Newspaper (5.7.5)
Take name from masthead, omit articles - not The Oregonian, but Oregonian. If the city is not in the title is not a national publication, add it in square brackets - [Portland, Oregon]. Specify the edition of the newspaper, if one is given in the masthead. If the article is not on consecutive pages, write the first page number and a plus sign: B1+.
Author (if given). “Article Title.” Name of Newspaper [City and State, if necessary] Issue Date, edition: Pages. |
| Woods, Audrey. “Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Sequels.” Oregonian [Portland, OR] 10 Dec. 2006, sunrise ed.: B5. |
Citing an Article in a Reference Book or Encyclopedia (5.6.8)
If the reference book is familiar, it is not necessary to include full publication information. Give the edition and year. When citing two or more volumes of a multivolume work, note the total number of volumes. References to specific volumes and page numbers belong in the text not on the Works Cited page. If the entries are alphabetical, it is not necessary to cite the volume from which they come or the page numbers.
Author of article (if given). “Article Title.” Title of Reference. Editor Name. Edition number. Vol. number(s). Place of Publication: Publisher, Year. |
| Farina, Louis C. “Panthers.” World Book Encyclopedia. 2003 ed. 2003.
Fulbright, Patricia H. “ Sense and Sensibility.” Masterplots. Ed. Frank N. Magill. Rev. 2nd ed. 1996.
“Refrigeration.” The New Illustrated Science and Invention Encyclopedia. Ed. Donald Clarke. West Port, CT: H.S. Stuttman, 2003. |
Citing a Short Story, Essay, or Poem from an Anthology (5.6.7)
Author of work. “Title of Essay, Short Story, or Poem.” Translator Name, if given. Title of Book. Ed. Editor name(s). City of Publication: Publisher, Year. Page numbers of essay, story, or poem. |
| Allende, Isabel. “Toad’s Mouth.” Reading Poetry: An Anthology of Poems. Ed. Robert DiYanni. New York: Random House, 1989. 41-47.
Meyers, Jeffrey. “The Writing of a Novel.” Readings on A Farewell to Arms. Ed. Gary Wiener. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 2000. 38-47. |
Citing an Introduction, a Preface, a Foreword, or an Afterword (5.6.9)
Author of piece. Part of book being cited. Title. By Author Name. Editor or translator, if given, Publication information. Page numbers. |
| Sears, Barry. Afterword. The Jungle. By Upton Sinclair. New York: Signet, 2001. 343-47. |
Citing a Previously Published Article in a Collection: CLC, TCLC, NCLC (5.6.7)
Author. “Original Article/Work Title.” Original Source Title. Publication information, Year followed by either a colon or period. Page #s. Rpt. in Name of Work. Editor. Volume #. Publication information*, Year. Page #s.
*Note: determine if original source is a book or journal. |
| Book: Lowell, Robert. “On the Gettysburg Address.” Lincoln and the Gettysburg Address: Commemorative Papers. Ed. Alan Nevins. N.p.: University of Illinois Press, 1964. 88-90. Rpt. in Nineteenth-Century Literature Criticism. Ed. Janet Mulvane. Vol. 18. Detroit: Gale, 1989. 265.
Scholarly Journal: Wells, Walter. “Didion’s ‘Los Angeles Notebook’.” Explicator 52.3 (Spring 1994): 181-82. Rpt. in Contemporary Literary Criticism. Ed. Jeffrey A. Hunter. Vol. 129. Detroit: Gale, 2000. 101-2. |
Electronic/Internet
Citing a television or radio programs (4.8.1)
For the inclusion of other information: performers, narrator, director, etc. see examples or MLA book.
“Title of episode or segment.” Title of Program. Title of the series, if any. Name of the network. Call letters and city of the local station (if any). Broadcast date. |
| “Death and Society.” Narr. Joanne Silberner. Weekend Edition Sunday. Natl. Public Radio. WUWM, Milwaukee. 25 Jan. 1998.
“Frankenstein: The Making of a Monster.” Great Books. Narr. Donald Sutherland. Writ. Eugenie Vink. Learning Channel. 8 Sept. 2002. |
Citing a Film, Video Recording, or DVD (5.8.3)
For a Video or DVD include the original release date and the medium before the name of the distributor.
Title. Director. Distributor. Year of Release. May include other pertinent data: performers, writers, or producers. |
| It’s a Wonderful Life. Dir. Frank Capra. Perf. James Stewart. RKO, 1946.
It’s a Wonderful Life. Dir. Frank Capra. Perf. James Stewart. 1946. DVD. Republic, 1998. |
Citing a Source from the Internet - Professional or Personal Web Site (4.9.2)
Creator’s name, if given. Web Page Title. Update date. Institution or sponsoring organization. Date of Access <URL network address>. See Note 4. |
| Allen, Shirley. Portuguese Language Page. 4 Apr. 2008. University of Chicago. 10 July. 2008 <http://humanities.uchicago.edu>.
Lancashire, Ian. Ian’s Home Page. 28 Mar. 2008 . 8 Sept. 2008 <http://www.comcast.net/lancian/jtml>. |
Citing source from the Internet - Work from Subscription Service (5.9.7a)
Author (if given). “Original Article Title.” Original Source Title Date: Page #s. Database used (if known). Name of the Service. Name of the subscribing library, with city and state. Date of Access <URL network address>. |
| Devine, Gene. “Economic Trends.” Business Week 21 July 2007: 22. eLibrary. La Salle H.S. Lib., Milwaukie, OR. 10 Dec. 2007 <http://www.elibrary.com>.
Freeman, Mary Ann. “Shame, Pride and Prejudice: Jane Austen’s Psychological Sophistication.” Mosaic: A Journal for the Interdisciplinary Study of Literature 25.1 (Winter 2007): 63-78. MasUltra. EBSCOHost. La Salle H.S. Lib., Milwaukie, OR. 12 Jan. 2007 <http://search epnet.com>.
Healy, Sharon. "Franz Kafka." Exploring Novels. Online ed. Detroit: Gale, 2003. Literature Search. Discovering Collection. La Salle H.S. Lib., Milwaukie, OR. 23 Dec. 2007 <http://galenet.galegroup.com>. |
Citing source from the Internet: Graphic or Map
When you use an image from the internet, you must give credit. Click on the image to find the originating web site – do not use Google images. If the graphic has a name, use that, if not, give the graphic a descriptive name. If the item is a map, call it a map.
“Name of Graphic.” Graphic. Title of Web Page. Update date, if given. Sponsor, if needed. Date of Access
. |
| “Apples.” Graphic. Northwest Apples. Washington Growers Association. 29 Sept. 2005
. |
Personal, Telephone, or E-mail Interview (5.8.7)
Give the kind of interview: telephone, personal or email.
Person interviewed, name reversed. Type of interview. Date. |
| Wyden, Ron. Telephone interview. 12 Dec. 2001. |
Online Posting, Blog or Wiki (5.8.7)
Author’s name, if given. “Title of Posting.” Type: Online posting, Blog or Wiki. Posting or update date. Name of the forum. Access Date. <URL>. |
| “Stephen Colbert.” Wiki. 16 Feb 2007. Wikipedia. 17 Feb 2007 <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Colbert>. |
Note 1: When the publisher, the place or date of publication, or pagination of the item you are listing is not readily available, you may use the following abbreviations: N.p. for no place of publication, n.p. for no publisher given, n.d. for no date of publication given, and n.pag. for no pagination given. (4.6.25) N.p.: n.p., n.d: n. pag.
Note 2: MLA prefers that you not underline or italicize a title within a title. (2.6.4) Approaches to Shakespeare: Hamlet Revealed.
Note 3: There is a period at the end of a book title but not at the end of the title for a periodical (journal, magazine, or newspaper).
Note 4: When citing a URL, always use brackets so there is no confusion. If the URL is extremely long and therefore invites transcription errors it is preferable to give the URL of the search page. If it is not obvious how to proceed from the search page, include the links used to find the resource and follow the URL of the site’s search page with the word ‘Path’ and a colon, and then the sequence of links. You only need to list the sponsoring organization if it is not clear from the title.
References: Gibaldi, Joseph. MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers. 6 th ed. New York: Modern Language Association of America, 2003. And MLA Style FAQ. 4 Dec. 2003. Modern Language Association of America. 26 Feb. 2007 <http://www.mla.org/lublications/style/style_faq/style_faq4>.
Links to Other sites providing information on citing and citing in text:
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